![]() The line of research included investigations in neurological samples (Hoffman, Jones, & Lambon Ralph, 2013 Almaghyuli, Thompson, Lambon Ralph, & Jefferies, 2012 Hoffman & Lambon Ralph, 2011 Jefferies, Patterson, Jones, & Lambon Ralph, 2009) and in healthy participants, where the SJT was embedded in a cueing paradigm with contextual or irrelevant cue sentences (Hoffman et al., 2015 Hoffman, Jefferies, & Lambon Ralph, 2010). ![]() In an extensive line of research resulting in this framework, the authors systematically applied a similarity judgment task (SJT originally called synonym judgment task in previous studies, Bechtold et al., 2021 Hoffman, 2016), which requires participants to choose the word most similar to a concrete or abstract probe among three test words. ![]() The second component is social control, supported by the orbitofrontal cortex, medial frontal cortex and ventrolateral frontal cortex, which interact with social-semantic knowledge to guide and shape social behaviour. The first component is social-semantic knowledge, supported by the anterior temporal lobes bilaterally. We propose that impaired social behaviour results from damage to two cognitively-and anatomically-distinct components. In this review, we present a unified neurocognitive model of controlled social behaviour that not only explains the observed impairment of social behaviours in FTD, but also assimilates findings from other patient groups, comparative neurology, and normative cognitive neuroscience. However, the relative contribution of each region is unresolved. The impairment of social behaviour in FTD has typically been attributed to damage to the orbitofrontal cortex and/or temporal poles and/or the uncinate fasciculus that connects them. However, social cognitive changes are also common in semantic dementia, with atrophy centred on the anterior temporal lobes. It is most commonly associated with the behavioural-variant of FTD, with atrophy of the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Running title: Impaired social behaviour in frontotemporal dementia Keywords: frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, social-semantic knowledge, social control, social behaviour, anterior temporal lobe, orbitofrontal cortex 2 Abbreviations: bvFTD = behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia SD = semantic dementia ATL = anterior temporal lobe OFC = orbitofrontal cortex, ACC = anterior cingulate cortex 3 Abstract Impaired social cognition is a core deficit of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). These findings suggest that the vocabulary richness in spoken language depends on the brain status characterized by the semantic knowledge-related brain structure and its activation dissimilarity with the precuneus, a core region of the default mode network. ![]() There was no significant correlation with the diffusion tensor imaging metrics in any fiber. Moreover, β negatively correlated with its resting-state functional connectivity with the precuneus. A quantitative index for the word production patterns, namely the exponent β of Heaps' law, positively correlated with the left anterior middle temporal gyrus volume. To examine this, we analyzed over one million words from group conversations among community-dwelling older adults and their multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data. The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has been considered an essential region for processing semantic knowledge nonetheless, the association between word production patterns and the structural and functional characteristics of the ATL remains unclear. Vocabulary is based on semantic knowledge. ![]()
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